Valeriana rubra
Valeriana rubraUSDA | Grow Zone
3-8Outdoors all year in zones 3 to 8. Anywhere colder, keep it as a houseplant. Protect it below 50°F.
- Light
- Partial shade
- Water
- Once a week
- Humidity
- 50-70%
- Temperature
- 60-75°F
- Difficulty
- Intermediate
- Growth
- Moderate
- Mature size
- 2-3 ft tall
- Pets
- Non-toxic to pets
Valeriana rubra, commonly known as red valerian, is a charming perennial native to Europe. Its vibrant flowers and moderate care needs make it a popular choice for gardens, attracting pollinators and adding beauty to any landscape.
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Ideal temperature
60-75°F is where it grows fastest. Below 50°F cold damage starts.
Spacing and harvest
- Mature size
- 2-3 ft tall
- Plant apart
- 12-24 in
- Frost
- Hardy: survives frost
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Valeriana rubra prefers consistently moist soil, requiring watering approximately once a week.
During the growing season, increase frequency to twice a week if the top inch of soil feels dry. In winter, reduce watering to every 10-14 days. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf tips.
Light
This plant thrives in partial shade, ideally receiving 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight daily.
It can tolerate full sun but may require additional moisture to prevent stress. Avoid placing it in full shade, as insufficient light can hinder its growth.
Soil
Valeriana rubra prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A recommended potting mix includes equal parts of peat moss, perlite, and compost to ensure good drainage and nutrient availability.
Humidity
This plant enjoys moderate humidity levels around 50-70%.
To increase humidity, consider misting the leaves or placing a humidity tray filled with water and pebbles nearby. Signs of humidity stress include browning leaf edges and leaf drop.
Temperature
Valeriana rubra thrives in temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 3-8.
It can tolerate occasional dips to 50°F (10°C) but should be protected from frost and extreme heat.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10, applying every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
In fall, reduce feeding to once every 8 weeks. Signs of nutrient deficiency include stunted growth and yellowing leaves.
Pruning
Prune Valeriana rubra in early spring to remove dead or damaged stems and encourage bushier growth.
Use clean, sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts. Deadheading spent flowers can promote further blooming and maintain plant appearance.
Repotting
Repot Valeriana rubra every 2-3 years or when root-bound, typically in spring.
Choose a pot 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes and stunted growth. Carefully remove the plant, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh soil.
Propagation
Propagation can be achieved through seeds or division.
For seeds, sow them in spring, covering lightly with soil and keeping moist until germination. For division, carefully separate established clumps in early spring or fall, ensuring each division has roots and shoots. Replant immediately in suitable soil.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture levels and adjust watering frequency. Consider fertilizing if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Wilting
Why it happens
Under-watering or excessive heat.
How to fix it
Increase watering frequency and ensure the plant is not exposed to extreme temperatures.
Browning leaf tips
Why it happens
Low humidity or over-fertilization.
How to fix it
Increase humidity levels around the plant and reduce fertilizer application.
Root rot
Why it happens
Poor drainage or over-watering.
How to fix it
Ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes and reduce watering frequency. Remove affected roots and repot in fresh soil.
Pest infestations (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Dry conditions or overcrowding.
How to fix it
Regularly inspect the plant, and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Increase humidity to deter pests.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, prune dead stems and divide the plant if necessary. Begin regular watering and fertilizing as new growth appears.
Summer
During summer, ensure consistent moisture and monitor for pests. Increase watering frequency if the weather is particularly hot.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant prepares for dormancy. Continue to deadhead spent flowers to encourage late blooms.
Winter
In winter, reduce watering to every 10-14 days and protect the plant from frost. Avoid fertilizing during this dormant period.
Toxicity & Safety
Valeriana rubra is generally considered non-toxic to pets and children. However, ingestion in large quantities may cause mild digestive upset. Always consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs.
Good to know
How often should I water my Valeriana rubra?
Water Valeriana rubra once a week, increasing to twice a week during the growing season if the top inch of soil is dry. Reduce watering in winter.
What type of soil is best for Valeriana rubra?
Valeriana rubra prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and compost works well.
Can Valeriana rubra tolerate full sun?
While it can tolerate full sun, Valeriana rubra thrives best in partial shade, receiving 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight daily.
What temperature does Valeriana rubra prefer?
Valeriana rubra thrives in temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 3-8.
How do I propagate Valeriana rubra?
You can propagate Valeriana rubra through seeds or division. Sow seeds in spring or divide established clumps in early spring or fall.
What are the signs of nutrient deficiency in Valeriana rubra?
Signs of nutrient deficiency include stunted growth and yellowing leaves. Regular feeding can help prevent these issues.
When should I prune Valeriana rubra?
Prune Valeriana rubra in early spring to remove dead stems and encourage bushier growth. Deadheading spent flowers can also promote blooming.
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