Common Valerian
Valeriana officinalis
Valeriana officinalis, commonly known as Common Valerian, is a perennial herb valued for its calming properties. Native to Europe and Asia, it is often grown for its medicinal roots and attractive flowers, making it a favorite among gardeners seeking both beauty and utility.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Valeriana officinalis prefers consistently moist soil, so water regularly, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings.
In the growing season, water every 1-2 weeks, increasing frequency during hot weather. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf tips.
Light
This plant thrives in full sun to partial shade, ideally receiving 6-8 hours of sunlight daily.
It can tolerate some shade, especially in hotter climates, but too much shade can lead to leggy growth. For optimal growth, place it in a location that receives morning sun and afternoon shade.
Soil
Valeriana officinalis prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A potting mix that includes peat moss, compost, and perlite is recommended to ensure good drainage while retaining moisture.
Humidity
Common Valerian prefers moderate humidity levels, around 40-60%.
To increase humidity, mist the leaves regularly or place a humidifier nearby. Signs of low humidity include browning leaf edges and stunted growth.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Valeriana officinalis is between 60-75°F (15-24°C).
It is hardy in USDA zones 3-9 and can tolerate light frost, but extreme heat may stress the plant. Protect it from temperatures below 20°F (-6°C).
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10, applying it every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Reduce feeding in the fall and winter months. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves (nitrogen) and poor flowering (phosphorus).
Pruning
Prune Valeriana officinalis in early spring to remove any dead or damaged stems and to encourage bushier growth.
Use clean, sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts. Deadheading spent flowers can promote further blooming and maintain plant health.
Repotting
Repot Valeriana officinalis every 2-3 years or when it becomes root-bound.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes and stunted growth. When repotting, gently loosen the roots and place the plant in fresh soil.
Propagation
Valeriana officinalis can be propagated through seeds or division.
For seeds, sow them in spring, lightly covering them with soil, and keep moist until germination. For division, carefully separate established plants in early spring or fall, ensuring each division has roots and foliage. Replant immediately in well-prepared soil.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check the soil moisture and reduce watering frequency. Consider fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer.
Root rot
Why it happens
Excess moisture and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Ensure the pot has drainage holes, and allow the soil to dry out between waterings. If root rot is present, remove affected roots and repot in fresh soil.
Wilting
Why it happens
Under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Water the plant thoroughly and ensure it is in a suitable location with adequate light and humidity.
Leggy growth
Why it happens
Insufficient light.
How to fix it
Move the plant to a brighter location, ensuring it receives at least 6 hours of sunlight daily.
Pests (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
High humidity and poor air circulation.
How to fix it
Inspect the plant regularly, and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, prune back any dead stems and prepare for new growth. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy foliage.
Summer
During summer, ensure consistent watering and monitor for pests. Provide some shade during extremely hot days to prevent stress.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant enters dormancy. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage a final bloom before winter.
Winter
In winter, protect the plant from frost and cold temperatures. Reduce watering significantly and avoid fertilizing until spring.
Toxicity & Safety
Valeriana officinalis is generally considered non-toxic to pets and children. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. The roots are primarily used for medicinal purposes, and caution should be exercised.
Good to know
How often should I water my Valeriana officinalis?
Water your Valeriana officinalis regularly, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. In the growing season, aim for every 1-2 weeks.
What type of soil is best for Common Valerian?
Valeriana officinalis thrives in well-draining, loamy soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of peat moss, compost, and perlite works well.
Can I grow Valeriana officinalis indoors?
Yes, you can grow Common Valerian indoors, but ensure it receives adequate light, ideally near a south-facing window, and maintain moderate humidity.
Why are my Valeriana officinalis leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves can indicate over-watering or nutrient deficiency. Check the soil moisture and consider fertilizing if necessary.
When is the best time to prune Valeriana officinalis?
Prune your Common Valerian in early spring to remove dead or damaged stems and encourage bushier growth.
How do I propagate Valeriana officinalis?
You can propagate Valeriana officinalis by seeds or division. Sow seeds in spring or divide established plants in early spring or fall.
What pests should I watch for on Valeriana officinalis?
Common pests include aphids and spider mites. Regularly inspect your plant and treat infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
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