Small-leaved Lime
Tilia cordata · Littleleaf LindenUSDA | Grow Zone
3-7Outdoors all year in zones 3 to 7. Anywhere colder, keep it as a houseplant.
- Light
- Full sun
- Water
- Once a week deeply
- Humidity
- Moderate humidity
- Temperature
- 60-75°F (15-24°C)
- Difficulty
- Intermediate
- Growth
- Moderate
- Mature size
- 50-70 ft tall
Tilia cordata, commonly known as Small-leaved Lime or Littleleaf Linden, is a majestic tree valued for its fragrant flowers and dense foliage. Native to Europe, it is cherished in landscapes for its shade and aesthetic appeal.
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Ideal temperature
60-75°F is where it grows fastest.
Spacing and harvest
- Mature size
- 50-70 ft tall
- Plant apart
- 30-50 in
- Frost
- Hardy: survives frost
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Tilia cordata prefers consistently moist soil, especially during its active growing season in spring and summer.
Water deeply once a week, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. In fall and winter, reduce watering frequency, as the tree requires less moisture during dormancy. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and leaf drop.
Light
This tree thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Ideal placement includes open areas where it can receive ample light without obstruction. While it can tolerate partial shade, reduced light may lead to slower growth and fewer flowers.
Soil
Tilia cordata prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
It benefits from a mix that includes organic matter to enhance drainage and nutrient retention. Avoid heavy clay soils that retain too much moisture, which can lead to root problems.
Humidity
This tree is adaptable to various humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity.
To increase humidity, especially in dry conditions, consider misting the leaves or placing a humidifier nearby. Signs of low humidity stress include browning leaf edges and leaf drop.
Temperature
Tilia cordata thrives in temperatures ranging from 60-75°F (15-24°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 3-7.
It can tolerate cold temperatures down to -30°F (-34°C) but may struggle in extreme heat above 90°F (32°C). Seasonal temperature fluctuations are generally well-tolerated.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 during the growing season, applying every 4-6 weeks.
In fall, switch to a low-nitrogen fertilizer to promote root growth. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and stunted growth.
Pruning
Prune Tilia cordata in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Use clean, sharp pruning shears to remove dead or crossing branches and to shape the tree. Deadheading spent flowers can promote a tidier appearance and encourage new growth.
Repotting
Repotting is typically not necessary for established trees, but young trees may need to be repotted every 2-3 years.
Signs of needing repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes or stunted growth. When repotting, choose a pot 1-2 inches larger in diameter and refresh the soil mix.
Propagation
Propagation can be achieved through seeds or softwood cuttings.
For seeds, collect them in late summer, stratify for 30 days, and then sow in spring. For cuttings, take 6-inch sections in early summer, dip in rooting hormone, and plant in a well-draining mix. Ensure high humidity around the cuttings until roots develop.
When it's unhappy
Leaf drop
Why it happens
This can occur due to stress from over-watering or sudden temperature changes.
How to fix it
Ensure proper watering practices and protect the tree from extreme temperature fluctuations.
Powdery mildew
Why it happens
High humidity and poor air circulation can lead to this fungal disease.
How to fix it
Improve air circulation around the tree and apply a fungicide if necessary.
Yellowing leaves
Why it happens
This may indicate nutrient deficiency or over-watering.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture levels and consider fertilizing if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Bark splitting
Why it happens
Rapid temperature changes can cause the bark to split.
How to fix it
Provide winter protection, such as mulch around the base, to moderate soil temperatures.
Pests (aphids, scale)
Why it happens
These pests can infest the tree, especially in warm weather.
How to fix it
Regularly inspect the tree and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, focus on watering regularly as the tree begins to leaf out. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
Summer
During summer, ensure the tree receives adequate moisture, especially in hot weather. Monitor for pests and diseases, and prune any dead branches.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the tree prepares for dormancy. Apply a low-nitrogen fertilizer to support root development.
Winter
In winter, protect the tree from extreme cold by applying mulch around the base. Avoid over-watering during this dormant period.
Toxicity & Safety
Tilia cordata is considered non-toxic to pets and children. However, ingestion of large quantities of leaves may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Always monitor for any unusual reactions.
Good to know
How often should I water my Tilia cordata?
Water your Tilia cordata once a week during the growing season, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Reduce frequency in fall and winter.
What type of soil is best for Small-leaved Lime?
Tilia cordata thrives in well-draining loamy soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. A mix that includes organic matter is ideal for nutrient retention.
Why are my Tilia cordata leaves turning yellow?
Yellowing leaves can indicate over-watering or nutrient deficiency. Check soil moisture and consider fertilizing if necessary.
When is the best time to prune Tilia cordata?
Prune your Small-leaved Lime in late winter or early spring before new growth begins to maintain its shape and remove any dead branches.
Can Tilia cordata tolerate drought?
While Tilia cordata is somewhat drought-tolerant once established, it prefers consistently moist soil, especially during its active growth period.
What pests affect Tilia cordata?
Common pests include aphids and scale. Regular inspections and treatments with insecticidal soap can help manage these infestations.
How tall does a Tilia cordata grow?
Tilia cordata can reach heights of 50-70 feet and widths of 30-50 feet, making it a substantial tree for landscaping.
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