Common Lungwort
Pulmonaria officinalis · LungwortUSDA | Grow Zone
3-8Outdoors all year in zones 3 to 8. Anywhere colder, keep it as a houseplant.
- Light
- Partial shade
- Water
- When top inch is dry
- Humidity
- 40-60%
- Temperature
- 60-75°F (15-24°C)
- Difficulty
- Beginner
- Growth
- Moderate
- Mature size
- 12-18 in tall, 12-24 in wide
- Pets
- Non-toxic to pets
Pulmonaria officinalis, commonly known as Lungwort, is a charming perennial native to Europe. Its unique spotted leaves and early spring blooms make it a favorite among gardeners looking for shade-loving plants.
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Ideal temperature
60-75°F is where it grows fastest.
Spacing and harvest
- Mature size
- 12-18 in tall, 12-24 in wide
- Plant apart
- 12-24 in
- Frost
- Hardy: survives frost
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Pulmonaria officinalis prefers consistently moist soil, so water when the top inch of soil feels dry.
During the growing season, typically spring and summer, water every 1-2 weeks, adjusting frequency based on rainfall and temperature. In fall and winter, reduce watering to once every 2-3 weeks. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf edges.
Light
Lungwort thrives in partial shade, ideally receiving 4-6 hours of filtered sunlight daily.
It can tolerate full shade but will produce fewer flowers. Avoid direct sunlight, especially during the hottest part of the day, as this can scorch the leaves. Ideal placement includes under deciduous trees or in a shaded garden bed.
Soil
This plant prefers rich, well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A mix of loamy soil, compost, and leaf mold is ideal for promoting healthy growth. Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Humidity
Lungwort enjoys moderate humidity levels, ideally around 40-60%.
To increase humidity, mist the leaves or place a humidifier nearby. If humidity is too low, leaf tips may turn brown and crispy. Conversely, excessive humidity can lead to fungal diseases.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Pulmonaria officinalis is 60-75°F (15-24°C).
It is hardy in USDA zones 3-8, tolerating cold down to -30°F (-34°C). During extreme heat, provide shade to prevent stress, while in winter, ensure the plant is protected from harsh winds.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 in early spring.
Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season, tapering off in fall. Signs of nutrient deficiency include stunted growth and yellowing leaves, indicating a need for more nutrients.
Pruning
Prune Lungwort in early spring to remove any dead or damaged leaves.
Use sharp, clean scissors or pruning shears for best results. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage more blooms, while cutting back the foliage in late fall helps maintain a tidy appearance.
Repotting
Repot Pulmonaria officinalis every 2-3 years or when it becomes root-bound, indicated by roots growing out of the drainage holes.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Carefully remove the plant, trim any damaged roots, and place it in fresh potting mix, ensuring it is at the same soil level as before.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through division or seeds.
For division, carefully dig up the plant in early spring or fall, separating the root clumps and replanting them immediately. For seed propagation, collect seeds in late summer and sow them in a seed tray with moist soil, covering lightly. Germination typically occurs in 2-4 weeks.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture levels and adjust watering frequency. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Root rot
Why it happens
Poor drainage or excessive watering.
How to fix it
Ensure the pot has drainage holes and reduce watering frequency. If root rot is present, remove the plant, trim affected roots, and repot in fresh soil.
Powdery mildew
Why it happens
High humidity and poor air circulation.
How to fix it
Improve air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering. Treat with a fungicide if necessary.
Wilting leaves
Why it happens
Under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and water thoroughly. Provide shade during the hottest part of the day.
Browning leaf tips
Why it happens
Low humidity or over-fertilization.
How to fix it
Increase humidity levels by misting or using a humidifier. Reduce fertilizer application if over-fertilization is suspected.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, remove any dead foliage and apply a balanced fertilizer to promote new growth. Ensure consistent moisture as the plant begins to actively grow.
Summer
During summer, monitor soil moisture closely, watering regularly to keep the soil consistently moist. Provide shade during the hottest parts of the day to prevent leaf scorch.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant prepares for dormancy. You may also cut back the foliage to tidy up the garden and prevent disease.
Winter
In winter, protect the plant from harsh winds and extreme cold. Water sparingly, only when the soil is dry, and avoid fertilizing until spring.
Toxicity & Safety
Pulmonaria officinalis is non-toxic to pets and children, making it a safe choice for gardens. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset.
Good to know
Why are my Lungwort leaves turning yellow?
Yellowing leaves can indicate over-watering or a nutrient deficiency. Check the soil moisture and adjust your watering schedule accordingly.
How often should I water my Common Lungwort?
Water your Lungwort when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, and reduce frequency in fall and winter.
What type of soil is best for Pulmonaria officinalis?
Lungwort thrives in rich, well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of loamy soil, compost, and leaf mold works well.
Can I grow Lungwort in full sun?
While Lungwort can tolerate some sun, it thrives best in partial shade. Full sun can scorch the leaves, so provide filtered light for optimal growth.
How do I propagate Lungwort?
You can propagate Lungwort through division or seeds. Division is best done in early spring or fall, while seeds can be sown in a seed tray in late summer.
What are the signs of root rot in Lungwort?
Signs of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting, and a foul smell from the soil. If you suspect root rot, check the roots and repot if necessary.
Is Pulmonaria officinalis toxic to pets?
No, Pulmonaria officinalis is non-toxic to pets and children, making it a safe addition to your garden.
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