Cabbage Tree
Cordyline australis
Cordyline australis, commonly known as the Cabbage Tree, is a striking ornamental plant native to New Zealand. Its unique foliage and resilience make it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes, providing a tropical feel with minimal care.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Cordyline australis prefers to be kept moderately moist.
Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks. In the growing season (spring and summer), increase frequency to once a week. In winter, reduce watering to every 2-3 weeks. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause leaf curling and browning tips.
Light
This plant thrives in full sun to partial shade.
Ideally, it should receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. In hotter climates, some afternoon shade can help prevent leaf scorch. Cordyline australis can tolerate light shade but may not grow as vigorously.
Soil
Cordyline australis prefers well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A mix of potting soil, perlite, and sand works well to ensure good drainage. Avoid heavy clay soils that retain moisture, as this can lead to root rot.
Humidity
This plant enjoys moderate to high humidity levels, ideally around 50-70%.
To increase humidity, consider misting the leaves, using a pebble tray with water, or placing a humidifier nearby. Signs of low humidity include browning leaf tips and leaf drop.
Temperature
Cordyline australis prefers temperatures between 65-80°F (18-27°C) and is hardy in zones 9-11.
It can tolerate brief periods of cooler temperatures down to 30°F (-1°C) but should be protected from frost. In winter, keep it in a warmer area to prevent stress.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced liquid fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or similar.
Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) and reduce to once every 2-3 months in fall and winter. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and stunted growth.
Pruning
Prune Cordyline australis in late winter or early spring to remove dead or damaged leaves and to shape the plant.
Use clean, sharp pruning shears. Deadheading is not necessary, but removing spent leaves can improve appearance and health.
Repotting
Repot every 2-3 years or when the roots outgrow the pot.
Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes or stunted growth. Choose a pot 1-2 inches larger in diameter than the current one. Carefully remove the plant, trim any damaged roots, and place it in fresh potting mix.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through stem cuttings or division.
For stem cuttings, take a 6-8 inch cutting from a healthy plant, remove the lower leaves, and allow it to callous for a few days. Plant in moist potting mix and keep in a warm, humid environment. Division can be done in spring by separating the root ball into sections, ensuring each has roots and foliage.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and reduce watering frequency. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Brown leaf tips
Why it happens
Low humidity or under-watering.
How to fix it
Increase humidity through misting or a humidifier, and ensure consistent watering.
Leaf drop
Why it happens
Stress from temperature changes or over-watering.
How to fix it
Maintain stable temperatures and adjust watering practices to prevent soggy soil.
Root rot
Why it happens
Excess moisture and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Allow the soil to dry out between waterings, and ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes.
Pests (e.g., spider mites, mealybugs)
Why it happens
Dry conditions or stress.
How to fix it
Inspect regularly and treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil if pests are detected.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, increase watering as the plant begins to actively grow. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks to promote healthy growth.
Summer
During summer, ensure the plant receives adequate sunlight and water regularly, especially in hot weather. Monitor humidity levels.
Fall
In fall, gradually reduce watering and fertilizing frequency as the plant prepares for dormancy. Check for pests and treat as needed.
Winter
In winter, keep the plant in a warm location, reducing watering to every 2-3 weeks. Avoid cold drafts and monitor for humidity stress.
Toxicity & Safety
Cordyline australis is considered non-toxic to pets and children. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. Always monitor pets and children around plants.
Good to know
Why are my Cordyline australis leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves can indicate over-watering or a nutrient deficiency. Check the soil moisture and adjust your watering schedule accordingly.
How often should I water my Cabbage Tree?
Water your Cordyline australis when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks, increasing to weekly during the growing season.
What light conditions are best for Cordyline australis?
This plant thrives in full sun to partial shade, ideally receiving at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day for optimal growth.
How do I propagate Cordyline australis?
You can propagate through stem cuttings or division. For cuttings, take a healthy stem, allow it to callous, and plant in moist soil.
What temperature does Cordyline australis prefer?
Cordyline australis prefers temperatures between 65-80°F (18-27°C) and is hardy in zones 9-11, tolerating brief cool spells.
How do I increase humidity for my Cabbage Tree?
Increase humidity by misting the leaves, using a pebble tray with water, or placing a humidifier nearby to create a more favorable environment.
When should I repot my Cordyline australis?
Repot every 2-3 years or when roots grow out of the drainage holes. Choose a pot 1-2 inches larger and use fresh potting mix.
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