Lily Of The Valley
Convallaria Majalis
Lily of the Valley, known for its delicate, fragrant white flowers, is a charming perennial native to Europe and Asia. This shade-loving plant is cherished for its ability to thrive in woodland gardens, making it a favorite among gardeners seeking low-maintenance yet beautiful blooms.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Lily of the Valley prefers consistently moist soil, especially during the growing season.
Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks. In spring and summer, increase watering frequency to ensure the soil remains damp but not soggy. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf tips.
Light
This plant thrives in partial shade to full shade, making it ideal for woodland gardens.
It prefers 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight daily, with some tolerance to dappled sunlight. Too much direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it’s best to place it under taller plants or trees that provide filtered light.
Soil
Lily of the Valley prefers well-draining, rich, loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A mix of garden soil, compost, and peat moss is recommended for potting. Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Humidity
This plant enjoys moderate to high humidity levels, ideally around 50-70%.
To increase humidity, mist the leaves regularly or place a humidity tray filled with water and pebbles beneath the pot. Signs of low humidity include browning leaf edges and stunted growth.
Temperature
Lily of the Valley thrives in temperatures ranging from 60-75°F (15-24°C).
It is hardy in USDA zones 3-8, tolerating cold winters but may struggle in extreme heat. During summer, ensure it is not exposed to prolonged high temperatures, which can stress the plant.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or similar.
Fertilize in early spring as new growth appears and again in mid-summer. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and poor growth, indicating a need for fertilization.
Pruning
Prune Lily of the Valley after flowering, typically in late spring or early summer.
Remove spent flowers and any dead or yellowing leaves to encourage new growth. Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears to avoid damaging the plant.
Repotting
Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound.
Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes or stunted growth. Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter, and use fresh potting mix. Carefully remove the plant, loosen the roots, and place it in the new pot, filling with soil.
Propagation
Propagation can be achieved through division or seeds.
For division, carefully dig up established clumps in early spring or fall, ensuring each division has roots and at least one shoot. Replant immediately in moist soil. For seed propagation, collect seeds in late summer and sow them in a cold frame or nursery bed, keeping the soil moist until germination occurs in spring.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Typically caused by over-watering or poor drainage.
How to fix it
Ensure the soil drains well and adjust watering frequency. Remove any affected leaves.
Wilting
Why it happens
Often a sign of under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and water thoroughly if dry. Provide shade during hot weather.
Root rot
Why it happens
Caused by consistently soggy soil and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Improve drainage, reduce watering, and remove affected roots. Repot if necessary.
Pests (e.g., aphids)
Why it happens
Aphids can infest the plant, especially in warm weather.
How to fix it
Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to treat infestations and monitor regularly.
Leaf spots
Why it happens
Fungal infections due to high humidity and poor air circulation.
How to fix it
Improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering. Remove affected leaves.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, ensure consistent moisture as new growth appears. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer to support growth and flowering.
Summer
During summer, provide shade and keep the soil consistently moist. Monitor for pests and water regularly to prevent wilting.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant enters dormancy. Remove any dead foliage and prepare for winter by mulching around the base.
Winter
In winter, keep the plant in a cool, dry place. Avoid over-watering and ensure it is protected from frost if grown outdoors.
Toxicity & Safety
Lily of the Valley is toxic to pets and children. All parts of the plant contain cardiac glycosides, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and heart irregularities if ingested. Keep it out of reach of curious pets and children.
Good to know
Why are my Lily of the Valley leaves turning yellow?
Yellowing leaves can indicate over-watering or poor drainage. Check the soil moisture and ensure it drains well to prevent root rot.
How often should I water my Lily of the Valley?
Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks. Increase frequency during the growing season to keep the soil consistently moist.
Can I grow Lily of the Valley in full sun?
Lily of the Valley prefers partial to full shade. While it can tolerate some sunlight, too much direct sun can scorch the leaves.
How do I propagate Lily of the Valley?
You can propagate Lily of the Valley by division or seeds. For division, dig up clumps in spring or fall and replant them immediately.
What type of soil is best for Lily of the Valley?
Lily of the Valley thrives in well-draining, rich, loamy soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of garden soil, compost, and peat moss works well.
Is Lily of the Valley toxic to pets?
Yes, all parts of Lily of the Valley are toxic to pets and children. Ingestion can cause serious health issues, so keep it out of reach.
When should I prune my Lily of the Valley?
Prune Lily of the Valley after flowering, typically in late spring or early summer, by removing spent flowers and any dead leaves.
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