Yarrow
Achillea Millefolium
Yarrow, or Achillea millefolium, is a resilient perennial known for its feathery foliage and vibrant flowers. Native to Europe and Asia, it thrives in sunny gardens and attracts beneficial pollinators, making it a favorite among gardeners.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Yarrow prefers well-drained soil and should be watered deeply but infrequently.
Water every 1-2 weeks during dry spells, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. In the growing season, adjust frequency based on rainfall and temperature. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf tips.
Light
Yarrow thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
It can tolerate partial shade but may produce fewer flowers. Ideal placement includes sunny garden beds or borders, where it can receive ample light without obstruction.
Soil
Yarrow prefers sandy or loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0.
It requires well-draining soil to prevent root rot, so consider using a potting mix that includes sand or perlite for better drainage. Avoid heavy clay soils.
Humidity
Yarrow is tolerant of low humidity levels and prefers average household humidity.
To increase humidity, mist the plant occasionally or place a humidity tray nearby. Signs of humidity stress include browning leaf edges and stunted growth.
Temperature
Yarrow is hardy in USDA zones 3-9 and prefers temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C).
It can tolerate cold temperatures down to -30°F (-34°C) and heat up to 90°F (32°C). During extreme heat, provide some afternoon shade to prevent wilting.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or similar, applying every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Reduce fertilization in fall and winter. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and poor flowering.
Pruning
Prune yarrow in early spring to remove dead or damaged stems and to encourage bushier growth.
Use sharp pruning shears for clean cuts. Deadhead spent flowers throughout the blooming season to promote further flowering and prevent self-seeding.
Repotting
Repot yarrow every 2-3 years or when it becomes root-bound.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes and stunted growth. To repot, gently remove the plant from its pot, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh potting mix.
Propagation
Yarrow can be propagated through seeds, division, or stem cuttings.
For seeds, sow in spring after the last frost, covering lightly with soil. For division, dig up established plants in spring or fall and separate the root clumps. Stem cuttings should be taken in early summer; place in moist soil and keep in a warm location until roots develop.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and reduce watering frequency. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Root rot
Why it happens
Poor drainage or excessive watering.
How to fix it
Ensure the pot has drainage holes and allow the soil to dry out between waterings. If root rot is present, remove affected roots and repot in fresh soil.
Wilting
Why it happens
Under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and water deeply if dry. Provide afternoon shade during extreme heat.
Powdery mildew
Why it happens
High humidity and poor air circulation.
How to fix it
Improve air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering. Treat with fungicide if necessary.
Pests (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Dry conditions and poor plant health.
How to fix it
Inspect plants regularly and use insecticidal soap or neem oil to treat infestations.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, prune back any dead stems from winter and apply a balanced fertilizer to encourage new growth. Water regularly as the plant begins to grow.
Summer
During summer, ensure yarrow receives enough water, especially in dry spells. Deadhead spent flowers to promote further blooming.
Fall
In fall, cut back the plant after flowering has finished. Consider dividing the plant if it has become too large.
Winter
In winter, yarrow is hardy and requires minimal care. Mulch around the base to protect roots from extreme cold.
Toxicity & Safety
Yarrow is generally non-toxic to pets and children. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild digestive upset. The plant can cause skin irritation in some individuals when handled.
Good to know
How often should I water my yarrow?
Water yarrow every 1-2 weeks, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Adjust frequency based on rainfall and temperature.
Why are my yarrow leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves can indicate over-watering or a nutrient deficiency. Check the soil moisture and consider fertilizing if needed.
Can yarrow grow in shade?
Yarrow prefers full sun and may not thrive in shaded areas. While it can tolerate partial shade, flowering may be reduced.
How do I propagate yarrow?
Yarrow can be propagated through seeds, division, or stem cuttings. Seeds should be sown in spring, while division can be done in spring or fall.
What is the best fertilizer for yarrow?
A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 is ideal. Apply every 4-6 weeks during the growing season for best results.
When should I prune yarrow?
Prune yarrow in early spring to remove dead stems and encourage bushier growth. Deadhead spent flowers throughout the blooming season.
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