annual bracket polypore (Ganodermataceae) growing specifically on decaying bamboo clumps — particularly Schizostachyum brachycladium in Malaysia — and occasionally on hardwood. distributed across tropical and subtropical Asia: Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. smaller, darker, and more lacquered than G. lucidum, with a more restricted substrate specificity that makes it rare and underexplored.

produces ergothioneine (a potent antioxidant amino acid) and phenolic compounds including catechin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, and vanillin. wild and cultivated strains show potent free radical scavenging activity comparable to G. lucidum.

47 triterpenoids identified by UHPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS from crude extracts. the eight triterpenoids confirmed in the most bioactive fraction were lucidenic acid L, ganoderiol D, ganoderic acid beta, ganoderic acid F, ganoderenic acid B, ganodermanontriol, ganoderic acid S, and ganoderal A.

total polysaccharide content 72.4%, total polyphenol content 284.91 mg GAE/mg dry weight, total flavonoid content 73.12 mg CAE/g DW, total saponin content 230.23 mg OAE/g DW. adenosine confirmed at 104 mg/kg — a bioactive compound shared with Cordyceps with cardioprotective and therapeutic potential for chronic heart failure.

extracts induce cell apoptosis in colonic carcinoma cells.

in vitro antiviral activity against enteroviruses causing hand, foot, and mouth disease confirmed.

free radical scavenging, liver protection, and genoprotective (DNA damage prevention) activities documented. the phenolic profile — catechin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, quercetin — converges on multiple liver-protective mechanisms including cytochrome P450 modulation and lipid peroxidation suppression.

adenosine confirmed at 104 mg/kg — this is a bioactive compound found in Cordyceps mushrooms and has cardioprotective properties and therapeutic potential for chronic heart failure.

adenosine dilates coronary arteries, reduces platelet aggregation, and has well-characterized cardiac protective effects.