Bugleweed

juice of the plant yields a black dye, historically used by Roma people in Europe to tan their skin.

used traditionally as a sedative, cough remedy, and treatment for heart palpitations.

whole Lycopus extract calms excessive thyroid stimulation as with Grave's disease and autoimmune thyroiditis via adenylate cyclase blockade.

Lycopus also inhibits the ability of Grave's autoantibodies to bind to TSH receptors and promote intracellular cAMP responses, thereby reducing adenylate cyclase-driven signal transduction and resulting increase in thyroid hormone production.

used for hyperthyroid-like symptoms including heart palpitations and tachycardia, chest tightness, tremor, anxiety, and insomnia.

the plant has potential to reduce testosterone in hyperandrogenic conditions.
reduces LH (luteinizing hormone) alongside TSH suggesting bugleweed has broader pituitary hormone axis modulating effects beyond just thyroid. this antigonadotropic activity is relevant for conditions involving excess LH signaling — such as certain presentations of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

traditional uses include treatment of nosebleeds and heavy menstrual bleeding. used as astringent. tannins precipitate proteins on mucosal surfaces, reducing bleeding from small vessels. the menstrual bleeding reduction is the same tannin-mediated astringent action applied to the uterine lining.