Calla Lily
Zantedeschia aethiopica
Zantedeschia aethiopica, commonly known as Calla Lily, is a stunning perennial native to southern Africa. Renowned for its elegant, trumpet-shaped flowers, it adds a touch of sophistication to gardens and homes alike.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Zantedeschia aethiopica prefers consistently moist soil, so water it thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry.
During the growing season (spring and summer), water every 1-2 weeks, ensuring the pot has good drainage to prevent root rot. In fall and winter, reduce watering frequency, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and mushy stems, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf edges.
Light
This plant thrives in partial shade to full sun, ideally receiving 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight daily.
It can tolerate some direct sunlight, especially in the morning, but too much intense afternoon sun can scorch the leaves. Ideal placement includes near a north or east-facing window or in a garden bed with dappled sunlight.
Soil
Zantedeschia aethiopica prefers a rich, well-draining potting mix with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A mix of peat moss, perlite, and compost works well to provide the necessary nutrients and drainage. Ensure that the pot has drainage holes to prevent water accumulation, which can lead to root rot.
Humidity
This plant enjoys high humidity levels of around 50-70%.
To increase humidity, you can mist the leaves regularly, place a humidity tray filled with water and pebbles beneath the pot, or use a humidifier. Signs of low humidity stress include browning leaf tips and edges, while excessive humidity can lead to fungal issues.
Temperature
Zantedeschia aethiopica thrives in temperatures between 65-75°F (18-24°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 8-10.
It can tolerate temperatures as low as 50°F (10°C) but should be protected from frost. In summer, it can handle warmer temperatures, but ensure it is adequately watered.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or similar during the growing season, applying every 4-6 weeks.
In fall and winter, reduce or stop fertilizing as the plant enters dormancy. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and poor flowering.
Pruning
Prune Zantedeschia aethiopica after flowering to remove spent blooms and any dead or yellowing leaves.
Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears to make clean cuts. This encourages new growth and improves air circulation around the plant. Deadheading spent flowers can also promote a tidier appearance.
Repotting
Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound, indicated by roots growing out of the drainage holes.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. To repot, gently remove the plant from its current pot, shake off excess soil, and place it in the new pot with fresh potting mix. Water thoroughly after repotting.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through division or seeds.
For division, carefully separate the rhizomes during the spring when the plant is actively growing. Ensure each division has at least one growing point. Replant in moist soil and keep in a warm, shaded area until established. For seed propagation, sow seeds in a seed-starting mix in spring, keeping the soil moist until germination occurs, which may take several weeks.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
This can be caused by over-watering, nutrient deficiency, or insufficient light.
How to fix it
Check the watering schedule, ensure the plant is receiving adequate light, and consider fertilizing if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Root rot
Why it happens
Root rot is typically caused by over-watering and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Ensure the pot has drainage holes, reduce watering, and consider repotting in fresh, well-draining soil.
Wilting leaves
Why it happens
Wilting can occur due to under-watering or sudden temperature changes.
How to fix it
Check the soil moisture and water if dry. Move the plant to a more stable temperature environment if necessary.
Brown leaf tips
Why it happens
This is often a sign of low humidity or over-fertilization.
How to fix it
Increase humidity around the plant and reduce fertilizer application to the recommended schedule.
Pests (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Pests can infest the plant, especially in dry conditions.
How to fix it
Regularly inspect the plant, and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, resume regular watering and fertilizing as the plant begins to grow actively. This is also a good time to repot if needed.
Summer
During summer, ensure the plant receives adequate moisture and light. Monitor for pests and increase humidity if necessary.
Fall
In fall, gradually reduce watering as the plant prepares for dormancy. Stop fertilizing and remove any dead foliage.
Winter
In winter, keep the plant in a cool, dry place and reduce watering significantly. Protect it from frost if grown outdoors.
Toxicity & Safety
Zantedeschia aethiopica is toxic to pets and humans if ingested. The entire plant contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation, swelling, and pain in the mouth and throat. Symptoms of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing.
Good to know
Why are my Calla Lily leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves on your Calla Lily may indicate over-watering, nutrient deficiency, or insufficient light. Check your watering habits and ensure the plant is receiving enough indirect sunlight.
How often should I water my Zantedeschia aethiopica?
Water your Calla Lily every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Reduce frequency in fall and winter.
What type of soil is best for Calla Lilies?
Zantedeschia aethiopica thrives in a rich, well-draining potting mix with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and compost is ideal.
Can I grow Calla Lilies indoors?
Yes, Calla Lilies can be grown indoors as long as they receive adequate light and humidity. Place them near a bright window and maintain humidity levels.
How do I propagate Calla Lilies?
You can propagate Calla Lilies through division or seeds. Division is best done in spring, while seeds can be sown in a seed-starting mix, keeping the soil moist until germination.
What should I do if my Calla Lily is wilting?
Wilting can be a sign of under-watering or temperature stress. Check the soil moisture and water if dry, and ensure the plant is in a stable temperature environment.
Are Calla Lilies toxic to pets?
Yes, Calla Lilies are toxic to pets and humans if ingested. The entire plant contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation and discomfort.
Grows well with
Track this plant in your garden.
Set care reminders, log growth, and join a community of plant lovers.