Winged Sumac
Rhus Copallinum
Winged Sumac, or Rhus copallinum, is a striking native shrub known for its vibrant foliage and unique winged stems. Originating from North America, it is often grown for its ornamental value and ability to attract wildlife.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Winged Sumac prefers moist but well-drained soil.
Water deeply once a week during the growing season, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. In hotter months, increase frequency to twice a week if the soil dries out quickly. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and leaf drop.
Light
This plant thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
It can tolerate partial shade but may not grow as vigorously. Ideal placement includes open areas or along edges of woodlands where it can receive ample sunlight.
Soil
Winged Sumac prefers sandy loam or well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging. A recommended potting mix is a blend of potting soil, sand, and perlite to enhance aeration and drainage.
Humidity
This plant is adaptable to various humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity around 40-60%.
To increase humidity, mist the leaves or place a humidity tray nearby. Signs of low humidity include leaf curling and browning tips.
Temperature
Winged Sumac thrives in temperatures between 60-80°F (15-27°C) and is hardy in zones 5-9.
It can tolerate cold temperatures down to -10°F (-23°C) but may suffer in extreme heat above 90°F (32°C).
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10, applying it every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Reduce or stop fertilizing in the fall and winter. Signs of nutrient deficiency include stunted growth and yellowing leaves, indicating a need for additional nutrients.
Pruning
Prune Winged Sumac in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Use clean, sharp pruning shears to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the plant. Deadheading is not necessary, but removing spent flower clusters can encourage a tidier appearance.
Repotting
Repot Winged Sumac every 2-3 years or when it outgrows its pot, typically when roots start to emerge from the drainage holes.
Choose a pot 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include root binding and slowed growth. To repot, gently remove the plant from its pot, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh potting mix.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through seed or stem cuttings.
For seeds, collect them in late summer, stratify for 30 days in the refrigerator, and then sow in spring. For stem cuttings, take 4-6 inch cuttings in late spring, dip in rooting hormone, and plant in a moist potting mix. Keep in a warm, humid environment until roots develop.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and reduce watering if necessary. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Wilting leaves
Why it happens
Under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Increase watering frequency and ensure the plant is not exposed to excessive heat.
Leaf spots
Why it happens
Fungal infections due to high humidity or poor air circulation.
How to fix it
Improve air circulation around the plant and apply a fungicide if necessary.
Root rot
Why it happens
Poor drainage or over-watering.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage and reduce watering frequency. If root rot is severe, consider repotting into fresh, dry soil.
Pests (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
High humidity and poor air circulation can attract pests.
How to fix it
Regularly inspect plants and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, prune any dead or damaged branches and fertilize with a balanced fertilizer to encourage new growth.
Summer
Water regularly, especially during dry spells, and monitor for pests. Mulching can help retain soil moisture.
Fall
Reduce watering as temperatures cool and prepare for winter by cleaning up fallen leaves around the base of the plant.
Winter
Protect the plant from extreme cold by mulching around the base. Avoid over-watering during dormancy.
Toxicity & Safety
Winged Sumac is generally non-toxic to pets and humans. However, the sap may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Ingestion of large quantities can lead to gastrointestinal upset.
Good to know
How often should I water my Winged Sumac?
Water your Winged Sumac deeply once a week during the growing season, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings.
What type of soil is best for Winged Sumac?
Winged Sumac thrives in sandy loam or well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.
Can Winged Sumac tolerate shade?
While Winged Sumac prefers full sun, it can tolerate partial shade, though its growth may not be as vigorous.
What are the signs of nutrient deficiency in Winged Sumac?
Signs include stunted growth and yellowing leaves. Regular fertilization can help prevent these issues.
When is the best time to prune Winged Sumac?
Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins to maintain shape and remove any dead or damaged branches.
How can I propagate Winged Sumac?
You can propagate Winged Sumac through seeds or stem cuttings. For seeds, stratify them for 30 days before sowing in spring.
What pests should I watch for on Winged Sumac?
Common pests include aphids and spider mites. Regular inspection and treatment with insecticidal soap can help manage infestations.
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