Pickerelweed
Pontederia cordata
Pickerelweed, or Pontederia cordata, is a beautiful aquatic plant native to North America, known for its striking blue flowers. It thrives in wetland areas and is often used in water gardens for its ornamental value and ability to attract wildlife.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Pickerelweed prefers consistently moist soil, so water it regularly to keep the soil damp but not soggy.
During the growing season (spring and summer), water every 1-2 weeks, adjusting frequency based on rainfall and temperature. In fall, reduce watering as the plant enters dormancy. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf edges.
Light
Pickerelweed thrives in full sun to partial shade.
Ideally, it should receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily, especially during the growing season. It can tolerate some shade, particularly in hotter climates, but too much shade may hinder flowering and growth.
Soil
This plant prefers rich, loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
It requires good drainage, especially if planted in pots. A recommended potting mix includes a blend of garden soil, peat moss, and perlite to ensure moisture retention while allowing excess water to drain.
Humidity
Pickerelweed enjoys high humidity levels, ideally above 60%.
To increase humidity, consider misting the leaves or placing a humidity tray filled with water and pebbles beneath the pot. Signs of humidity stress include browning leaf tips and curling leaves.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Pickerelweed is between 70-85°F (21-29°C).
It is hardy in zones 3-10, tolerating brief periods of cold but should be protected from frost. During extreme heat, ensure adequate moisture to prevent stress.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10.
Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season, tapering off in fall. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and stunted growth.
Pruning
Prune Pickerelweed in late fall after flowering has finished.
Remove dead or damaged leaves to promote healthy growth in the next season. Use clean, sharp pruning shears to prevent disease transmission.
Repotting
Repot Pickerelweed every 2-3 years or when you notice roots growing out of the drainage holes.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include stunted growth and water pooling on the surface. To repot, gently remove the plant from its pot, trim any damaged roots, and place it in fresh soil.
Propagation
Propagation can be achieved through division or seeds.
For division, carefully separate the rhizomes in early spring before new growth begins. Replant the divisions in moist soil. For seed propagation, collect seeds in late summer and sow them in a seed-starting mix, keeping them moist until germination occurs, which typically takes 2-4 weeks.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
This can be caused by over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check the soil moisture and reduce watering if it's too wet. Consider fertilizing if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Root rot
Why it happens
Root rot occurs due to overly saturated soil conditions.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage and reduce watering frequency. If root rot is present, remove affected roots and repot in fresh soil.
Wilting leaves
Why it happens
Wilting can result from under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Increase watering frequency and ensure the plant is not exposed to excessive heat without adequate moisture.
Browning leaf tips
Why it happens
This can indicate low humidity levels or salt buildup from fertilizers.
How to fix it
Increase humidity around the plant and flush the soil with water to remove excess salts.
Poor flowering
Why it happens
Insufficient light or nutrient deficiency can lead to reduced blooms.
How to fix it
Ensure the plant receives adequate sunlight and consider fertilizing to promote flowering.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, focus on watering regularly as new growth emerges. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth and flowering.
Summer
During summer, ensure the plant receives adequate moisture, especially during heat waves. Monitor for pests and diseases, and prune any dead leaves.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant prepares for dormancy. Deadhead spent flowers and prune back any damaged foliage.
Winter
In winter, if grown in pots, consider moving the plant indoors or to a sheltered location to protect it from frost. Water sparingly, just enough to keep the soil from completely drying out.
Toxicity & Safety
Pickerelweed is non-toxic to pets and children. It is safe to have around, but ingestion of large quantities may cause mild digestive upset.
Good to know
How often should I water my Pickerelweed?
Water Pickerelweed every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not soggy.
What light conditions does Pickerelweed prefer?
Pickerelweed thrives in full sun to partial shade, ideally receiving at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Can Pickerelweed grow in pots?
Yes, Pickerelweed can be grown in pots, provided they have adequate drainage and are kept in consistently moist soil.
What should I do if my Pickerelweed's leaves are turning yellow?
Yellow leaves may indicate over-watering or nutrient deficiency. Check the soil moisture and adjust watering, and consider fertilizing if needed.
Is Pickerelweed toxic to pets?
No, Pickerelweed is non-toxic to pets and children, making it a safe choice for home gardens.
How do I propagate Pickerelweed?
You can propagate Pickerelweed through division in early spring or by sowing seeds collected in late summer. Ensure to keep the soil moist during germination.
What temperature range is ideal for Pickerelweed?
Pickerelweed thrives in temperatures between 70-85°F (21-29°C) and is hardy in zones 3-10.
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