Shiso
Perilla Frutescens
Perilla frutescens, commonly known as shiso or beefsteak plant, is a versatile herb prized for its unique flavor and vibrant foliage. Native to East Asia, this aromatic plant is a staple in many cuisines and is easy to grow, making it a favorite among gardeners and chefs alike.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Perilla frutescens prefers consistently moist soil but should not be waterlogged.
Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 3-5 days during the growing season. In cooler months, reduce watering to once a week. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and leaf drop.
Light
Shiso thrives in full sun to partial shade, ideally receiving 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
It can tolerate some shade, especially in hotter climates, but too much shade may lead to leggy growth. Position it where it can benefit from morning sun and some afternoon shade for optimal growth.
Soil
The ideal soil for Perilla frutescens is rich, well-draining loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A recommended potting mix includes equal parts of potting soil, compost, and perlite to ensure good drainage and nutrient availability.
Humidity
Perilla prefers moderate to high humidity levels, ideally between 50-70%.
To increase humidity, consider misting the leaves or placing a humidifier nearby. Signs of low humidity include browning leaf edges and stunted growth.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for shiso is between 65-80°F (18-27°C).
It is typically hardy in zones 9-11 but can be grown as an annual in cooler climates. Protect it from frost and extreme heat, as temperatures below 50°F (10°C) may stunt growth.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or similar.
Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season, and reduce feeding in the fall and winter. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and poor growth.
Pruning
Prune shiso regularly to encourage bushier growth and prevent flowering, which can alter the flavor.
Use clean, sharp scissors to trim back stems by about one-third in early summer. Deadheading spent flowers can also promote more leaf growth.
Repotting
Repot shiso when it becomes root-bound, typically every 1-2 years.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes and stunted growth. To repot, gently remove the plant from its pot, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh soil.
Propagation
Perilla can be propagated through stem cuttings or seeds.
For stem cuttings, take a 4-6 inch cutting from a healthy plant, remove lower leaves, and place it in water or moist soil. Roots will develop in 1-2 weeks. For seeds, sow them indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost or directly outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
This can be caused by over-watering, nutrient deficiency, or insufficient light.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture levels, adjust watering frequency, and ensure the plant receives adequate light.
Wilting
Why it happens
Wilting typically results from under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Increase watering frequency and provide shade during the hottest part of the day.
Leggy growth
Why it happens
Leggy growth occurs due to insufficient light.
How to fix it
Move the plant to a brighter location to encourage more compact growth.
Root rot
Why it happens
Root rot is caused by overly wet soil and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage and reduce watering frequency. If root rot is severe, consider repotting into fresh soil.
Pest infestations (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Pests can be attracted to stressed plants or those with low humidity.
How to fix it
Inspect regularly and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, begin fertilizing your shiso every 4-6 weeks and ensure it receives plenty of sunlight as temperatures warm up.
Summer
During summer, monitor soil moisture closely, as shiso prefers consistent moisture. Provide afternoon shade if temperatures exceed 85°F (29°C).
Fall
In fall, reduce watering and fertilization as the plant prepares for dormancy. If growing in pots, consider bringing them indoors if temperatures drop.
Winter
In winter, keep shiso in a warm, well-lit area. Water less frequently, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
Toxicity & Safety
Perilla frutescens is generally considered non-toxic to pets and children. However, excessive consumption may lead to digestive upset in some individuals. Always consult a healthcare provider if ingested in large amounts.
Good to know
How often should I water my Perilla frutescens?
Water your shiso when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 3-5 days during the growing season, and reduce to weekly in cooler months.
What light conditions are best for shiso?
Shiso thrives in full sun to partial shade, ideally receiving 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day for optimal growth.
Can I grow Perilla frutescens indoors?
Yes, shiso can be grown indoors as long as it receives sufficient light, ideally from a south-facing window or under grow lights.
Why are my shiso leaves turning brown?
Browning leaves can indicate low humidity or over-watering. Ensure the plant is in a humid environment and check soil moisture levels.
How do I propagate Perilla frutescens?
You can propagate shiso through stem cuttings or seeds. For cuttings, take a healthy stem, place it in water or soil, and roots will develop in 1-2 weeks.
What is the ideal temperature for growing shiso?
Shiso prefers temperatures between 65-80°F (18-27°C) and should be protected from frost and extreme heat.
How do I prevent pests on my shiso plant?
Regularly inspect your plant for pests and maintain good air circulation. Treat any infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
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