Brown Roll-rim
Paxillus involutus
Paxillus involutus, commonly known as the Brown Roll-rim, is a fascinating mushroom found in woodlands. It is known for its unique appearance and potential toxicity, making it a subject of interest for foragers and mycologists alike.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Paxillus involutus prefers moist but not waterlogged soil.
Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks. Adjust frequency based on humidity and temperature; in warmer months, it may require more frequent watering. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning edges.
Light
This mushroom thrives in partial shade, ideally receiving 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight daily.
It can tolerate some full sun but should be protected from harsh afternoon rays. Ideal placement includes under trees or in shaded garden beds where it can benefit from dappled light.
Soil
Paxillus involutus prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0.
It benefits from a mix of organic matter, such as compost or leaf litter, to enhance drainage and nutrient content. Ensure the soil retains moisture without becoming waterlogged.
Humidity
This species thrives in high humidity levels of 60-80%.
To increase humidity, consider misting the surrounding area or using a humidity tray filled with water and pebbles. Signs of humidity stress include browning leaf tips and wilting.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Paxillus involutus is between 60-75°F (15-24°C).
It is typically found in USDA hardiness zones 4-8. It can tolerate colder temperatures but may struggle in extreme heat, so provide shade during hot spells.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced organic fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10, applied every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Signs of nutrient deficiency include stunted growth and pale coloration. Adjust fertilization based on soil tests to ensure proper nutrient levels.
Pruning
Pruning is not typically required for Paxillus involutus.
However, remove any dead or decaying material around the base to promote healthy growth. Use clean, sharp tools to prevent disease transmission if necessary.
Repotting
Repotting is generally not needed for Paxillus involutus as it grows in natural settings.
However, if grown in containers, consider repotting every 2-3 years or when the substrate depletes. Signs it needs repotting include poor growth and visible roots at the surface. When repotting, gently remove the plant, refresh the substrate, and place it in a slightly larger container.
Propagation
Paxillus involutus can be propagated through spores or mycelium.
Collect spores from mature caps and spread them in a suitable substrate, such as wood chips or compost, during the fall. Ensure the substrate remains moist and in a shaded area for successful growth.
When it's unhappy
Yellowing leaves
Why it happens
Often caused by over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and adjust watering schedule, and consider fertilizing if nutrient levels are low.
Wilting
Why it happens
Usually a result of under-watering or low humidity.
How to fix it
Increase watering frequency and mist the plant to boost humidity levels.
Browning leaf tips
Why it happens
Can indicate low humidity or salt buildup in the soil.
How to fix it
Increase humidity and flush the soil with water to remove excess salts.
Root rot
Why it happens
Caused by over-watering and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage and reduce watering frequency. Remove affected roots and repot in fresh soil if necessary.
Pest infestations
Why it happens
Common pests include aphids and spider mites, often due to dry conditions.
How to fix it
Inspect regularly and treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, monitor moisture levels as the plant begins to grow. Fertilize with a balanced organic fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
Summer
During summer, ensure consistent moisture and provide shade during the hottest parts of the day to prevent heat stress.
Fall
In fall, collect spores for propagation and prepare the plant for cooler temperatures by reducing watering slightly.
Winter
In winter, protect the plant from frost and ensure it remains in a humid environment. Reduce watering as growth slows.
Toxicity & Safety
Paxillus involutus is considered toxic and can cause gastrointestinal distress if ingested. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It is important to keep this mushroom away from pets and children.
Good to know
How often should I water my Paxillus involutus?
Water your Paxillus involutus when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks. Adjust based on humidity and temperature.
What type of soil is best for Paxillus involutus?
Paxillus involutus prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.0, enriched with organic matter for optimal growth.
What light conditions does Paxillus involutus thrive in?
This mushroom thrives in partial shade, ideally receiving 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight daily, making it suitable for shaded garden beds.
How can I increase humidity for my Paxillus involutus?
To increase humidity, mist the surrounding area or use a humidity tray filled with water and pebbles to create a more favorable environment.
Is Paxillus involutus toxic?
Yes, Paxillus involutus is toxic and can cause gastrointestinal distress if ingested. Keep it away from pets and children.
What are the signs of nutrient deficiency in Paxillus involutus?
Signs of nutrient deficiency include stunted growth and pale coloration. Regular fertilization can help prevent these issues.
When is the best time to propagate Paxillus involutus?
The best time to propagate Paxillus involutus is in the fall when the mushrooms are mature and spores are ready for collection.
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