Chamomile
Matricaria Chamomilla
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is a beloved herb known for its soothing properties and fragrant flowers. Originating from Europe, it is widely grown for herbal teas and as a garden companion plant, attracting beneficial insects and enhancing biodiversity.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Chamomile prefers consistently moist soil but should not be waterlogged.
Water the plant deeply once a week, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. In hotter months, increase frequency to twice a week. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf tips.
Light
Chamomile thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Ideal placement includes a south-facing garden bed or a sunny windowsill. While it can tolerate partial shade, too little light can lead to leggy growth and reduced flowering.
Soil
The ideal soil for chamomile is well-draining, sandy loam with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot; a mix of potting soil, sand, and perlite is recommended for container growth.
Humidity
Chamomile prefers moderate humidity levels around 40-60%.
To increase humidity, mist the plant occasionally or place a tray of water nearby. Signs of low humidity include browning leaf edges and stunted growth.
Temperature
Chamomile grows best in temperatures between 65-70°F (18-21°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 3-9.
It can tolerate light frost but should be protected from extreme heat above 85°F (29°C) to prevent wilting.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10.
Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season, reducing frequency in fall. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and poor flowering.
Pruning
Prune chamomile in early spring to promote bushier growth and remove any dead or damaged stems.
Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears. Deadheading spent flowers encourages more blooms and prolongs flowering time.
Repotting
Repot chamomile every 1-2 years or when it becomes root-bound.
Choose a pot 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes and stunted growth. Carefully remove the plant from its pot, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh soil.
Propagation
Chamomile can be propagated through seeds or division.
For seed propagation, sow seeds directly in the garden in spring or start indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost. Lightly cover seeds with soil and keep moist until germination. For division, carefully separate established plants in early spring and replant immediately.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
This can be caused by over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and reduce watering frequency. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Root rot
Why it happens
Over-watering and poor drainage lead to root rot.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage and allow the soil to dry out between waterings. Remove affected roots and repot in fresh soil if necessary.
Wilting
Why it happens
Wilting may result from under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Water the plant thoroughly and provide shade during the hottest part of the day if temperatures exceed 85°F (29°C).
Pest infestations
Why it happens
Common pests include aphids and spider mites.
How to fix it
Inspect plants regularly and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Poor flowering
Why it happens
Insufficient light or nutrient deficiency can lead to reduced blooms.
How to fix it
Ensure the plant receives full sun and fertilize regularly to promote healthy flowering.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, prune back any dead stems and prepare for new growth. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer to encourage healthy foliage and blooms.
Summer
During summer, ensure consistent watering, especially in hot weather. Monitor for pests and deadhead spent flowers to prolong blooming.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant enters dormancy. Harvest flowers for drying and use in teas or herbal remedies.
Winter
In winter, protect chamomile from extreme cold by covering it with mulch. If grown indoors, reduce watering and provide bright light.
Toxicity & Safety
Chamomile is generally non-toxic to pets and children. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. The flowers and leaves are safe, but always monitor for any allergic reactions.
Good to know
How often should I water my chamomile?
Water chamomile once a week, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. In hotter months, increase to twice a week.
Why are my chamomile leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves can indicate over-watering or a lack of nutrients. Check soil moisture and consider fertilizing if needed.
Can chamomile grow in partial shade?
While chamomile can tolerate partial shade, it thrives best in full sun with at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth.
How do I propagate chamomile?
Chamomile can be propagated from seeds or by division. Sow seeds in spring or divide established plants in early spring for new growth.
What is the best soil for chamomile?
Chamomile prefers well-draining sandy loam with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of potting soil, sand, and perlite is ideal for containers.
How can I increase humidity for my chamomile?
To increase humidity, mist the plant occasionally or place a tray of water nearby. Aim for humidity levels around 40-60%.
When should I prune my chamomile?
Prune chamomile in early spring to promote bushier growth and remove any dead or damaged stems. Deadheading spent flowers also encourages more blooms.
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