Flame Lily
Gloriosa superba
Gloriosa superba, commonly known as Flame Lily, is a striking perennial vine native to Africa and Asia. Its unique, flame-like flowers and climbing habit make it a favorite among gardeners looking to add vibrant color and vertical interest to their landscapes.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Gloriosa superba prefers consistently moist soil, especially during its active growing season in spring and summer.
Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks. Reduce watering in the fall and winter when the plant is dormant. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and leaf drop.
Light
This plant thrives in full sun to partial shade, ideally receiving 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
It can tolerate some afternoon shade, especially in hotter climates. Ensure it is placed in a location where it can climb or trail, as it benefits from vertical growth.
Soil
Gloriosa superba prefers well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A mix of potting soil, perlite, and sand works well to ensure good drainage. Avoid heavy, compacted soils that retain too much moisture, as this can lead to root rot.
Humidity
This plant enjoys moderate humidity levels of around 50-60%.
To increase humidity, mist the plant regularly or place a humidifier nearby. Signs of low humidity stress include browning leaf tips and edges.
Temperature
Gloriosa superba thrives in temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 9-11.
It can tolerate brief periods of cooler temperatures but should be protected from frost. During the growing season, it prefers warmer conditions, while cooler temperatures in winter are acceptable as it goes dormant.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 during the growing season, applying every 4-6 weeks.
Reduce fertilization in the fall and winter when the plant is dormant. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and stunted growth.
Pruning
Prune Gloriosa superba in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Remove any dead or damaged stems to encourage healthy growth. Use clean, sharp pruning shears to avoid disease transmission. Deadheading spent flowers can promote further blooming.
Repotting
Repot Gloriosa superba every 2-3 years or when it becomes root-bound, indicated by roots emerging from the drainage holes.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Carefully remove the plant from its pot, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh soil. Water thoroughly after repotting.
Propagation
Propagation can be achieved through tuber division or seeds.
For tuber division, wait until the plant is dormant, then carefully dig up the tubers and separate them, ensuring each has roots. Replant immediately in well-draining soil. For seed propagation, sow seeds in spring after the last frost, keeping them moist until germination occurs, which can take several weeks.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and allow it to dry out if over-watered. Fertilize if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Wilting
Why it happens
Under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Increase watering frequency and ensure the plant is not exposed to excessive heat without adequate moisture.
Browning leaf tips
Why it happens
Low humidity or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Increase humidity through misting or a humidifier and ensure proper fertilization.
Root rot
Why it happens
Poor drainage or over-watering.
How to fix it
Remove the plant from its pot, trim away rotten roots, and repot in fresh, well-draining soil.
Pest infestations (e.g., aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Dry conditions or overcrowding.
How to fix it
Inspect regularly for pests, and treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, increase watering as the plant begins to grow actively. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks and ensure it receives plenty of sunlight.
Summer
During summer, maintain consistent moisture and provide support for climbing. Monitor for pests and continue fertilizing every 4-6 weeks.
Fall
In fall, gradually reduce watering as the plant prepares for dormancy. Stop fertilizing and allow the foliage to die back naturally.
Winter
In winter, keep the plant in a cool, dry location. Water sparingly to prevent rot, and do not fertilize until spring.
Toxicity & Safety
Gloriosa superba is toxic to pets and humans, particularly the tubers, which contain colchicine. Symptoms of ingestion include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Keep the plant out of reach of children and pets.
Good to know
Why are my Gloriosa superba leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves on Gloriosa superba can indicate over-watering or a nutrient deficiency. Check the soil moisture and adjust your watering schedule accordingly.
How often should I water my Flame Lily?
Water your Gloriosa superba when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks during the growing season. Reduce watering in the fall and winter.
What type of soil is best for Gloriosa superba?
Gloriosa superba thrives in well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. A mix of potting soil, perlite, and sand is ideal for promoting healthy growth.
How do I propagate Gloriosa superba?
You can propagate Gloriosa superba through tuber division or seeds. For tuber division, wait until the plant is dormant, then separate and replant the tubers.
What pests affect Gloriosa superba?
Common pests include aphids and spider mites. Regularly inspect your plant and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
When should I prune my Flame Lily?
Prune Gloriosa superba in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead or damaged stems to encourage healthy growth.
Is Gloriosa superba toxic to pets?
Yes, Gloriosa superba is toxic to pets and humans, especially the tubers. Symptoms of ingestion include nausea and vomiting, so keep it out of reach.
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