African Milk Tree
Euphorbia trigona
Euphorbia trigona, commonly known as the African Milk Tree, is a striking succulent native to Africa. Its unique upright growth and low maintenance needs make it a popular choice for indoor gardens.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Euphorbia trigona prefers to dry out between waterings.
Water thoroughly when the top 1-2 inches of soil are dry, typically every 2-3 weeks during the growing season and less frequently in winter. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and a mushy stem, while under-watering may cause the plant to droop and leaves to shrivel.
Light
This plant thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate some direct sunlight.
Ideally, it should receive 6-8 hours of light daily. Avoid placing it in low-light areas, as this can lead to leggy growth and reduced vigor.
Soil
Euphorbia trigona prefers a well-draining soil mix, ideally a cactus or succulent potting mix with a pH of 6.0-7.0.
Ensure the pot has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Humidity
This plant is tolerant of low humidity levels, thriving in average household humidity.
To increase humidity, you can mist the plant occasionally or place it on a pebble tray with water. Signs of low humidity stress include browning leaf tips and stunted growth.
Temperature
Euphorbia trigona prefers temperatures between 65-80°F (18-27°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 10-12.
It can tolerate brief periods of cooler temperatures but should be protected from frost and extreme heat.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced liquid fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 during the growing season, every 4-6 weeks.
In fall and winter, reduce feeding to once every 2-3 months. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and stunted growth.
Pruning
Prune in late winter or early spring to maintain shape and remove any dead or damaged stems.
Use sharp, clean pruning shears and wear gloves, as the sap can be irritating. Deadheading is not necessary for this plant.
Repotting
Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant outgrows its pot.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes or stunted growth. Carefully remove the plant from its pot, trim any damaged roots, and place it in fresh soil.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through stem cuttings.
Take a cutting of 4-6 inches, allow it to dry for a few days to form a callus, then plant it in well-draining soil. Best timing for propagation is in spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or insufficient light.
How to fix it
Adjust watering schedule and ensure the plant receives adequate light.
Drooping stems
Why it happens
Under-watering or root rot.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and adjust watering; if root rot is suspected, repot in fresh soil.
Browning leaf tips
Why it happens
Low humidity or inconsistent watering.
How to fix it
Increase humidity levels and maintain a consistent watering routine.
Leggy growth
Why it happens
Insufficient light.
How to fix it
Move the plant to a brighter location to promote bushier growth.
Pests (mealybugs, spider mites)
Why it happens
Poor air circulation or stress from environmental factors.
How to fix it
Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil and improve air circulation around the plant.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, increase watering frequency as the plant resumes active growth. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
Summer
During summer, ensure the plant receives ample light and monitor for pests. Water regularly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant prepares for dormancy. Fertilize less frequently, about once every 2-3 months.
Winter
In winter, keep the plant in a warm location and reduce watering to once a month. Avoid placing it near drafts or heating vents.
Toxicity & Safety
Euphorbia trigona is toxic to pets (cats, dogs) and children. The sap can cause skin irritation and ingestion may lead to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Keep this plant out of reach of curious pets and children.
Good to know
Why are my Euphorbia trigona leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves on your African Milk Tree can indicate over-watering or insufficient light. Ensure you are allowing the soil to dry out between waterings and provide adequate light.
How often should I water my Euphorbia trigona?
Water your African Milk Tree every 2-3 weeks during the growing season, allowing the top 1-2 inches of soil to dry out before watering again. Reduce frequency in winter.
What type of soil is best for Euphorbia trigona?
Euphorbia trigona thrives in a well-draining soil mix, such as a cactus or succulent potting mix with a pH of 6.0-7.0. Ensure the pot has drainage holes.
Can I propagate my Euphorbia trigona from cuttings?
Yes, you can propagate Euphorbia trigona through stem cuttings. Allow the cut end to callus for a few days before planting it in well-draining soil.
What temperature is ideal for Euphorbia trigona?
Euphorbia trigona prefers temperatures between 65-80°F (18-27°C) and should be protected from frost and extreme heat for optimal growth.
Is Euphorbia trigona toxic to pets?
Yes, Euphorbia trigona is toxic to pets and children. Its sap can cause irritation, and ingestion may lead to nausea and vomiting.
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