Erysimum cheiri
Erysimum cheiriUSDA | Grow Zone
5-9Outdoors all year in zones 5 to 9. Anywhere colder, keep it as a houseplant. Protect it below 40°F.
- Light
- Full sun, 6 hours min
- Water
- When top inch is dry
- Humidity
- 40-60%
- Temperature
- 60-75°F (15-24°C)
- Difficulty
- Beginner
- Growth
- Moderate
- Mature size
- 1-3 ft tall, 1-2 ft wide
Erysimum cheiri, commonly known as wallflower, is a charming perennial that adds vibrant color to gardens. Native to Europe, it is loved for its fragrant blooms and ability to attract pollinators, making it a popular choice among gardeners.
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Ideal temperature
60-75°F is where it grows fastest. Below 40°F cold damage starts.
Spacing and harvest
- Mature size
- 1-3 ft tall, 1-2 ft wide
- Plant apart
- 12-24 in
- Frost
- Half hardy: light frost only
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Erysimum cheiri, commonly known as wallflower, prefers well-drained soil and should be watered when the top inch of soil feels dry.
During the growing season, water every 1-2 weeks, adjusting frequency based on rainfall and temperature. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf edges.
Light
Wallflowers thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
They can tolerate partial shade but will produce fewer flowers. Ideal placement is in a sunny garden bed or container that receives morning sun and some afternoon shade in hotter climates.
Soil
The ideal soil for Erysimum cheiri is sandy or loamy with good drainage, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
A recommended potting mix includes equal parts of potting soil, sand, and perlite to enhance drainage.
Humidity
Wallflowers prefer moderate humidity levels around 40-60%.
To increase humidity, consider misting the plants or placing a humidity tray nearby. Signs of low humidity stress include browning leaf tips and wilting.
Temperature
Erysimum cheiri thrives in temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 5-9.
It can tolerate light frost but should be protected from extreme heat above 85°F (29°C) during summer.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10, applying every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
In fall, reduce feeding to once every 8 weeks. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and stunted growth.
Pruning
Prune Erysimum cheiri after flowering to encourage bushier growth and remove any dead or damaged stems.
Use sharp, clean pruning shears for best results. Deadheading spent flowers can also promote additional blooms.
Repotting
Repot wallflowers every 1-2 years or when they outgrow their container, typically in spring.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs that repotting is needed include roots growing out of the drainage holes and stunted growth. To repot, gently remove the plant from its current pot, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh potting mix.
Propagation
Wallflowers can be propagated through stem cuttings or seeds.
For stem cuttings, take 4-6 inch cuttings in spring, remove lower leaves, and place them in a moist potting mix. Keep the soil damp and in indirect light until roots develop. For seeds, sow them in early spring after the last frost, covering lightly with soil.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Usually caused by over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture levels, reduce watering frequency, and consider fertilizing if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Root rot
Why it happens
Excess moisture in the soil leading to fungal growth.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage, reduce watering, and remove affected roots. Repot in fresh, dry soil if necessary.
Wilting
Why it happens
Under-watering or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and water thoroughly if dry. Provide shade during peak heat hours.
Pest infestations (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Common pests attracted to stressed plants.
How to fix it
Inspect regularly, and treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil if pests are found.
Poor flowering
Why it happens
Insufficient sunlight or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Ensure the plant receives full sun for at least 6 hours and consider fertilizing to boost blooms.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, focus on planting and fertilizing Erysimum cheiri. This is the best time for propagation through cuttings or seeds.
Summer
During summer, ensure consistent watering and provide some shade during extreme heat. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant enters dormancy. Continue to deadhead and prune as necessary to maintain shape.
Winter
In winter, protect wallflowers from frost by covering them or moving containers to a sheltered location. Water sparingly.
Toxicity & Safety
Erysimum cheiri is non-toxic to pets and children. It is safe to grow around cats and dogs, with no known harmful effects from ingestion.
Good to know
How often should I water my Erysimum cheiri?
Water Erysimum cheiri when the top inch of soil feels dry, typically every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, adjusting based on rainfall.
Why are my wallflower leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves can indicate over-watering or a nutrient deficiency. Check soil moisture and consider fertilizing if needed.
What type of soil is best for Erysimum cheiri?
Wallflowers prefer sandy or loamy soil with good drainage and a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 for optimal growth.
Can I grow Erysimum cheiri in a container?
Yes, Erysimum cheiri can be grown in containers as long as they have good drainage and receive adequate sunlight.
When is the best time to prune Erysimum cheiri?
Prune wallflowers after flowering to encourage bushier growth and remove any dead or damaged stems.
How can I propagate Erysimum cheiri?
You can propagate wallflowers through stem cuttings or seeds, with cuttings taken in spring and seeds sown after the last frost.
What pests should I watch for on my wallflower?
Common pests include aphids and spider mites. Regularly inspect your plants and treat infestations promptly with insecticidal soap.
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