Autumn Olive
Elaeagnus umbellata
Elaeagnus umbellata, commonly known as Autumn Olive, is a hardy shrub native to Asia. It is prized for its fragrant flowers and edible berries, making it a popular choice for gardens and wildlife habitats.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Autumn Olive prefers well-drained soil and should be watered moderately.
Water deeply every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. In winter, reduce watering to once every 3-4 weeks. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and leaf drop.
Light
This plant thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Ideal placement is in an open area where it can receive ample light, though it can tolerate partial shade. However, reduced light may lead to leggy growth and fewer flowers.
Soil
Elaeagnus umbellata prefers sandy loam or well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
It requires good drainage to prevent root rot, so consider using a potting mix that includes perlite or sand to enhance drainage.
Humidity
Autumn Olive is adaptable to various humidity levels but prefers moderate humidity.
To increase humidity, mist the plant regularly or place a humidity tray nearby. Signs of humidity stress include browning leaf tips and leaf drop.
Temperature
This plant thrives in temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C) and is hardy in zones 3-7.
It can tolerate cold temperatures down to -20°F (-29°C) but may struggle in extreme heat above 90°F (32°C).
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10, applying every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
In fall, switch to a low-nitrogen fertilizer to promote root growth. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and poor growth.
Pruning
Prune Autumn Olive in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Use sharp, clean pruning shears to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the plant. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage more blooms.
Repotting
Repot every 2-3 years or when the roots become pot-bound.
Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes or stunted growth. Choose a pot 1-2 inches larger in diameter and follow the same soil guidelines during repotting.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through stem cuttings or seeds.
For stem cuttings, take 4-6 inch cuttings in late spring, dip in rooting hormone, and plant in a well-draining mix. Keep moist and in indirect light until roots develop. For seeds, collect ripe berries in fall, clean, and sow in spring after stratifying for 30 days.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Usually caused by over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and adjust watering frequency. Fertilize if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Wilting
Why it happens
Typically due to under-watering or root rot.
How to fix it
Ensure proper watering schedule and check for root rot by inspecting roots for mushiness.
Leaf drop
Why it happens
Can be caused by sudden temperature changes or low humidity.
How to fix it
Maintain consistent temperatures and humidity levels, and avoid placing the plant near drafts.
Pests (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Common pests that can infest the plant, especially in dry conditions.
How to fix it
Regularly inspect the plant and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Poor flowering
Why it happens
Can result from insufficient sunlight or improper pruning.
How to fix it
Ensure the plant receives full sun and prune appropriately to encourage new growth.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, focus on fertilizing and pruning to encourage new growth. Monitor for pests and ensure adequate watering as temperatures rise.
Summer
During summer, maintain consistent watering, especially during dry spells. Mulching can help retain soil moisture and keep roots cool.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as the plant enters dormancy. Consider applying a low-nitrogen fertilizer to promote root growth before winter.
Winter
In winter, limit watering to once every 3-4 weeks. Protect the plant from extreme cold and consider mulching around the base for insulation.
Toxicity & Safety
Elaeagnus umbellata is non-toxic to pets and children. However, ingestion of large quantities of berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset.
Good to know
How often should I water my Autumn Olive?
Water your Autumn Olive every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings.
What type of soil is best for Elaeagnus umbellata?
Autumn Olive thrives in sandy loam or well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, ensuring good drainage to prevent root rot.
Why are my Autumn Olive leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves can indicate over-watering or a nutrient deficiency. Check your watering schedule and consider fertilizing if needed.
Can I grow Autumn Olive in partial shade?
While Autumn Olive prefers full sun, it can tolerate partial shade. However, reduced light may lead to leggy growth and fewer flowers.
When is the best time to prune Autumn Olive?
Prune your Autumn Olive in late winter or early spring before new growth begins to maintain its shape and remove any dead branches.
Is Autumn Olive toxic to pets?
No, Elaeagnus umbellata is non-toxic to pets and children, though ingestion of large quantities of berries may cause mild gastrointestinal upset.
How can I propagate Autumn Olive?
You can propagate Autumn Olive through stem cuttings or seeds. For cuttings, take 4-6 inch pieces in late spring and root them in a well-draining mix.
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