Lemon Grass
Cymbopogon citratus
Lemon Grass, scientifically known as Cymbopogon citratus, is a fragrant herb native to tropical regions. Valued for its culinary uses and aromatic properties, it thrives in warm, sunny environments, making it a popular choice for home gardens.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Lemon Grass prefers consistently moist soil but should not be waterlogged.
Water deeply once a week, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. In hotter months, you may need to water more frequently. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and browning leaf tips.
Light
Lemon Grass thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Ideal placement is in a south-facing garden or a sunny windowsill. It can tolerate partial shade, but growth may be slower and less vigorous.
Soil
This plant prefers well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A mix of potting soil, sand, and compost is recommended to ensure good drainage. Avoid heavy clay soils that retain moisture.
Humidity
Lemon Grass enjoys moderate to high humidity levels, ideally around 50-70%.
To increase humidity, mist the leaves regularly or place a humidifier nearby. Signs of humidity stress include brown leaf edges and stunted growth.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Lemon Grass is between 70-85°F (21-29°C).
It is hardy in zones 9-11 and can tolerate brief periods of cooler temperatures down to 50°F (10°C), but prolonged exposure can damage the plant.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20.
Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) and reduce frequency in fall and winter. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and poor growth.
Pruning
Prune Lemon Grass in early spring before new growth begins.
Use sharp, clean scissors to cut back old, dead leaves and to shape the plant. Deadheading is not necessary, but removing spent flower stalks can encourage new growth.
Repotting
Repot Lemon Grass every 1-2 years or when it becomes root-bound, indicated by roots growing out of the drainage holes.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Carefully remove the plant from its pot, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh soil. Water thoroughly after repotting.
Propagation
Lemon Grass can be propagated through division or stem cuttings.
For division, carefully separate the clumps in spring and replant them. For stem cuttings, take 6-8 inch cuttings from healthy plants, place them in water until roots develop, then transplant into soil. Best timing is in spring or early summer.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
This can be caused by over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Adjust watering habits to ensure the soil is not waterlogged and fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.
Brown leaf tips
Why it happens
Brown tips can indicate under-watering or low humidity.
How to fix it
Increase watering frequency and humidity levels by misting or using a humidifier.
Wilting
Why it happens
Wilting is often due to insufficient water or extreme heat.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and water deeply if the soil is dry. Provide shade during the hottest part of the day if necessary.
Root rot
Why it happens
Root rot is typically caused by over-watering and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage and allow the soil to dry out between waterings. Remove affected roots and repot in fresh soil if necessary.
Pests (aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Pests can infest Lemon Grass, especially in dry conditions.
How to fix it
Inspect regularly and treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil if pests are found.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, prune back any dead leaves and begin fertilizing every 4-6 weeks. This is also a good time to propagate through division.
Summer
During summer, ensure consistent watering and provide shade during the hottest parts of the day. Monitor for pests and increase humidity if needed.
Fall
In fall, reduce watering as temperatures cool down. Continue to monitor for pests and prepare the plant for winter by cutting back any dead growth.
Winter
In winter, protect the plant from frost if grown outdoors. Reduce watering and stop fertilizing until spring. If indoors, maintain a warm environment.
Toxicity & Safety
Lemon Grass is generally non-toxic to pets and children. However, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. The essential oil can be irritating to the skin in some individuals.
Good to know
How often should I water my Lemon Grass?
Water your Lemon Grass once a week, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Increase frequency during hot weather.
Why are my Lemon Grass leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves can indicate over-watering or a nutrient deficiency. Adjust your watering schedule and consider fertilizing if necessary.
Can I grow Lemon Grass indoors?
Yes, Lemon Grass can be grown indoors as long as it receives plenty of sunlight, ideally 6-8 hours a day. A south-facing window is best.
What is the best way to propagate Lemon Grass?
The best way to propagate Lemon Grass is through division or stem cuttings. Division is best done in spring, while cuttings can be rooted in water.
What pests affect Lemon Grass?
Common pests include aphids and spider mites. Regularly inspect your plant and treat any infestations promptly with insecticidal soap.
What type of fertilizer is best for Lemon Grass?
A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 is ideal. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
How do I increase humidity for my Lemon Grass?
To increase humidity, mist the leaves regularly or use a humidifier nearby. Grouping plants together can also help raise humidity levels.
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