Pig's Ear
Cotyledon orbiculata
Cotyledon orbiculata, commonly known as Pig's Ear, is a resilient succulent native to South Africa. Its thick, fleshy leaves and unique shape make it a popular choice for indoor gardens and succulent collections.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Cotyledon orbiculata prefers to dry out between waterings.
Water thoroughly when the top 1-2 inches of soil are dry, typically every 2-3 weeks in the growing season and less frequently in winter. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and mushy stems, while under-watering can cause leaves to shrivel and drop.
Light
This succulent thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Ideal placement includes south or west-facing windows. It can tolerate partial shade but may become leggy if not provided enough light.
Soil
Cotyledon orbiculata prefers well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
A cactus or succulent potting mix is recommended, or you can create your own by mixing standard potting soil with sand or perlite to enhance drainage.
Humidity
This plant prefers low humidity levels, ideally around 30-50%.
To increase humidity, you can mist occasionally or place a humidity tray nearby. Signs of humidity stress include leaf curling or browning tips.
Temperature
Cotyledon orbiculata thrives in temperatures between 65-80°F (18-27°C) and can tolerate temperatures as low as 30°F (-1°C) for short periods.
It is best suited for USDA hardiness zones 9-11, as it does not tolerate frost well.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced, diluted fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 during the growing season, applying every 4-6 weeks.
Reduce or stop fertilizing in fall and winter. Signs of nutrient deficiency include stunted growth and pale leaves.
Pruning
Prune in early spring to remove any dead or damaged leaves.
Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears to avoid infection. Deadheading is not necessary, but removing spent leaves can promote a tidier appearance.
Repotting
Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant outgrows its pot.
Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes or stunted growth. Choose a pot one size larger with good drainage, and gently remove the plant, replacing old soil with fresh potting mix.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through leaf cuttings or offsets.
For leaf cuttings, take a healthy leaf, let it callous for a few days, then place it in well-draining soil. Water sparingly until new growth appears. The best time for propagation is in spring or early summer.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or insufficient light.
How to fix it
Adjust watering schedule and ensure the plant receives adequate sunlight.
Leaf drop
Why it happens
Under-watering or sudden temperature changes.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture and maintain consistent temperatures.
Leggy growth
Why it happens
Insufficient light.
How to fix it
Move the plant to a brighter location to encourage compact growth.
Root rot
Why it happens
Poor drainage or over-watering.
How to fix it
Ensure the pot has drainage holes and allow the soil to dry out between waterings.
Pest infestation (mealybugs)
Why it happens
High humidity or overcrowded conditions.
How to fix it
Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil, and improve air circulation.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, increase watering as the plant begins to actively grow. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks with a balanced fertilizer.
Summer
During summer, ensure the plant receives full sun and monitor for pests. Water regularly but allow the soil to dry out between waterings.
Fall
In fall, gradually reduce watering as the plant prepares for dormancy. Stop fertilizing by late fall.
Winter
In winter, keep the plant in a warm location and water sparingly, only when the soil is completely dry.
Toxicity & Safety
Cotyledon orbiculata is considered mildly toxic to pets and humans if ingested. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The leaves are the most toxic part.
Good to know
How often should I water my Cotyledon orbiculata?
Water your Cotyledon orbiculata every 2-3 weeks, allowing the top 1-2 inches of soil to dry out completely between waterings.
What light conditions are best for Pig's Ear?
Cotyledon orbiculata thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth.
Can I propagate Cotyledon orbiculata from leaves?
Yes, you can propagate Cotyledon orbiculata from healthy leaf cuttings. Allow the cuttings to callous before planting in well-draining soil.
What should I do if my Cotyledon orbiculata has yellow leaves?
Yellow leaves are often a sign of over-watering or insufficient light. Adjust your watering schedule and ensure the plant receives enough sunlight.
How can I increase humidity for my Cotyledon orbiculata?
Cotyledon orbiculata prefers low humidity, but if you need to increase it, you can mist the plant occasionally or place a humidity tray nearby.
When is the best time to repot my Pig's Ear?
Repot your Cotyledon orbiculata every 2-3 years or when it outgrows its pot, ideally in spring.
Is Cotyledon orbiculata toxic to pets?
Yes, Cotyledon orbiculata is mildly toxic to pets and humans if ingested, with symptoms including nausea and vomiting.
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