Amatungulu
Carissa macrocarpa
Carissa macrocarpa, commonly known as Amatungulu, is a resilient shrub native to South Africa. It is prized for its fragrant flowers and edible fruit, making it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Carissa macrocarpa prefers to be watered deeply but infrequently.
Water every 2-3 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer), allowing the top 1-2 inches of soil to dry out between waterings. In fall and winter, reduce watering to once every 3-4 weeks. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause leaf drop and wilting.
Light
This plant thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Ideal placement is in a south-facing garden or near a sunny window indoors. It can tolerate partial shade but may not produce as many flowers or fruit in lower light conditions.
Soil
Carissa macrocarpa prefers well-draining sandy or loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.
A recommended potting mix includes a blend of cactus mix and perlite to enhance drainage. Ensure the pot has drainage holes to prevent water accumulation.
Humidity
This plant enjoys moderate humidity levels, ideally between 40-60%.
To increase humidity, mist the leaves or place a humidity tray filled with water and pebbles beneath the pot. Signs of humidity stress include browning leaf tips and leaf drop.
Temperature
Carissa macrocarpa thrives in temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C) and is hardy in USDA zones 10-11.
It can tolerate brief periods of heat above 90°F (32°C) but should be protected from frost, as it is not frost-tolerant.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or 14-14-14.
Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season, and reduce to once every 2-3 months in fall and winter. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves (nitrogen), poor flowering (phosphorus), and weak stems (potassium).
Pruning
Prune Carissa macrocarpa in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Use sharp, clean pruning shears to remove dead or damaged branches and to shape the plant. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage more blooms. Regularly check for any overcrowded areas and thin them out to improve air circulation.
Repotting
Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound, indicated by roots growing out of the drainage holes.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Carefully remove the plant from its pot, gently loosen the roots, and place it in fresh potting mix. Water thoroughly after repotting.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through stem cuttings or seeds.
For stem cuttings, take 4-6 inch cuttings from healthy stems, remove lower leaves, and allow them to callous for a few hours. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone, then plant in a well-draining mix. Keep the soil moist and place in bright indirect light. For seeds, sow them in a seed-starting mix and keep them warm and moist until germination occurs, usually within 2-4 weeks.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Check soil moisture levels and adjust watering schedule. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Root rot
Why it happens
Excessive moisture and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage and reduce watering frequency. If root rot is severe, repot the plant in fresh soil and remove affected roots.
Leaf drop
Why it happens
Under-watering or sudden temperature changes.
How to fix it
Adjust watering schedule to keep soil consistently moist but not soggy. Protect the plant from drafts and sudden temperature fluctuations.
Pests (e.g., aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
High humidity and poor air circulation.
How to fix it
Inspect the plant regularly and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Improve air circulation around the plant.
Poor flowering
Why it happens
Insufficient light or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Ensure the plant receives full sun for at least 6 hours a day and fertilize regularly during the growing season.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, increase watering frequency as the plant begins to actively grow. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks to support new growth and flowering.
Summer
During summer, ensure the plant receives full sun and monitor for pests. Water regularly, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
Fall
In fall, gradually reduce watering as the plant enters dormancy. Continue to monitor for pests and consider pruning to shape the plant.
Winter
In winter, water less frequently, about once every 3-4 weeks. Protect the plant from cold drafts and ensure it receives adequate light.
Toxicity & Safety
Carissa macrocarpa is considered mildly toxic to pets and humans. The unripe fruit and leaves can cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Good to know
Why are my Carissa macrocarpa leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves on your Carissa macrocarpa can indicate over-watering or a nutrient deficiency. Check the soil moisture and adjust your watering schedule, and consider fertilizing if nutrient levels are low.
How often should I water my Carissa macrocarpa?
Water your Carissa macrocarpa every 2-3 weeks during the growing season, allowing the top 1-2 inches of soil to dry out between waterings. In fall and winter, reduce watering to once every 3-4 weeks.
What is the ideal light for Carissa macrocarpa?
Carissa macrocarpa thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Ensure it is placed in a bright location to encourage healthy growth and flowering.
How can I propagate Carissa macrocarpa?
You can propagate Carissa macrocarpa through stem cuttings or seeds. For cuttings, take 4-6 inch sections, allow them to callous, and plant them in a well-draining mix. For seeds, sow in a seed-starting mix and keep warm and moist.
When should I prune my Carissa macrocarpa?
Prune your Carissa macrocarpa in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. This helps maintain its shape and encourages healthy growth.
What pests should I watch for with Carissa macrocarpa?
Common pests include aphids and spider mites. Regularly inspect your plant and treat any infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Is Carissa macrocarpa toxic to pets?
Yes, Carissa macrocarpa is considered mildly toxic to pets and humans. The unripe fruit and leaves can cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested.
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