Bougainvillea
Bougainvillea Glabra
Bougainvillea Glabra, commonly known as Paper Flower, is celebrated for its vibrant, colorful bracts that resemble flowers. Native to South America, this hardy plant thrives in sunny environments and is a favorite for gardeners looking to add a splash of color to their landscapes.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Bougainvillea Glabra prefers to dry out between waterings.
Water deeply every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, allowing the top 1-2 inches of soil to dry out completely before the next watering. In winter, reduce watering to once every 3-4 weeks. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and leaf drop.
Light
Bougainvillea thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Ideal placement includes south or west-facing areas, where it can soak up the sun. While it can tolerate partial shade, blooming may be reduced in lower light conditions.
Soil
This plant prefers well-draining soil with a pH of 5.5 to 7.0.
A mix of potting soil, sand, and perlite or cactus mix is recommended to ensure proper drainage. Bougainvillea does not like to sit in waterlogged soil, which can lead to root rot.
Humidity
Bougainvillea prefers low to moderate humidity levels, ideally around 40-60%.
To increase humidity, mist the plant occasionally or place a humidity tray nearby. Signs of low humidity stress include browning leaf edges and leaf drop.
Temperature
Bougainvillea Glabra thrives in temperatures between 60-100°F (15-38°C).
It is hardy in zones 9-11 and can tolerate brief periods of cold down to 30°F (-1°C) but should be protected from frost. During extreme heat, ensure adequate watering to prevent stress.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or a fertilizer high in potassium, such as 5-10-10, every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Reduce or stop fertilizing in the fall and winter. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves and poor blooming.
Pruning
Prune Bougainvillea in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Use sharp, clean pruning shears to remove dead or overgrown branches, shaping the plant as desired. Deadheading spent blooms can encourage more flowering throughout the season.
Repotting
Repot Bougainvillea every 2-3 years or when it becomes root-bound.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Signs it needs repotting include roots growing out of the drainage holes or stunted growth. To repot, gently remove the plant from its pot, loosen any tightly bound roots, and place it in fresh soil.
Propagation
Bougainvillea can be propagated through stem cuttings or seeds.
For stem cuttings, take 4-6 inch cuttings from healthy stems, remove lower leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant in a well-draining mix, keep moist, and place in bright indirect light. This method is best done in spring or early summer.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
Usually caused by over-watering or nutrient deficiency.
How to fix it
Ensure proper drainage and reduce watering frequency. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer if nutrient deficiency is suspected.
Leaf drop
Why it happens
Can occur due to sudden temperature changes or under-watering.
How to fix it
Maintain consistent watering and protect the plant from extreme temperature fluctuations.
Poor blooming
Why it happens
Often due to insufficient sunlight or over-fertilization.
How to fix it
Ensure the plant receives full sun for at least 6 hours a day and reduce fertilizer application.
Root rot
Why it happens
Caused by over-watering and poor drainage.
How to fix it
Allow the soil to dry out completely before watering again, and consider repotting in fresh, well-draining soil.
Browning leaf edges
Why it happens
Can indicate low humidity or underwatering.
How to fix it
Increase humidity around the plant or adjust watering practices to keep the soil consistently moist.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, resume regular watering and fertilizing as the plant begins to grow. Prune any dead or overgrown branches to encourage new growth and blooms.
Summer
During summer, ensure consistent watering, especially in hot weather. Bougainvillea will benefit from regular feeding every 4-6 weeks to promote vibrant blooms.
Fall
In fall, gradually reduce watering as temperatures cool. Stop fertilizing by late fall to prepare the plant for dormancy during winter.
Winter
In winter, reduce watering to once every 3-4 weeks. Protect the plant from frost and cold drafts, and avoid fertilizing until spring.
Toxicity & Safety
Bougainvillea is non-toxic to pets and humans; however, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild gastrointestinal upset. The sap may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
Good to know
Why are my Bougainvillea leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves on Bougainvillea can indicate over-watering or nutrient deficiency. Check the soil moisture and adjust your watering schedule, and consider fertilizing if needed.
How often should I water my Bougainvillea?
Water your Bougainvillea every 1-2 weeks during the growing season, allowing the top 1-2 inches of soil to dry out completely before watering again.
What is the best fertilizer for Bougainvillea?
A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or one high in potassium, such as 5-10-10, is ideal. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
When should I prune my Bougainvillea?
Prune Bougainvillea in late winter or early spring before new growth begins to maintain its shape and encourage blooming.
Can Bougainvillea grow in shade?
While Bougainvillea can tolerate partial shade, it thrives best in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight for optimal blooming.
How do I propagate Bougainvillea?
Bougainvillea can be propagated through stem cuttings. Take 4-6 inch cuttings, remove lower leaves, dip in rooting hormone, and plant in a well-draining mix.
What should I do if my Bougainvillea is not blooming?
If your Bougainvillea is not blooming, ensure it receives full sun and check for over-fertilization, which can inhibit flowering. Adjust care accordingly.
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