Scarlet Begonia
Begonia coccinea
Begonia coccinea, commonly known as Scarlet Begonia, is a vibrant, flowering plant native to tropical regions. Its striking red flowers and lush foliage make it a popular choice for indoor and outdoor gardens, providing color and beauty throughout the growing season.
Everything it needs
9 essentials at a glance
Watering
Water Begonia coccinea when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, typically every 5-7 days.
In the growing season (spring and summer), increase frequency to once every 4-5 days. In fall and winter, reduce watering to every 10-14 days. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and root rot, while under-watering may cause wilting and leaf drop.
Light
Scarlet Begonia thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate partial shade.
Ideally, it should receive 6-8 hours of filtered sunlight daily. Avoid direct sunlight, as it can scorch the leaves. If the plant is not receiving enough light, it may become leggy and produce fewer flowers.
Soil
This plant prefers a well-draining potting mix with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5.
A mix of peat, perlite, and orchid bark is ideal for ensuring good drainage. Ensure the pot has drainage holes to prevent water accumulation, which can lead to root rot.
Humidity
Begonia coccinea enjoys high humidity levels, ideally between 50-70%.
To increase humidity, consider using a humidity tray or a room humidifier. If the air is too dry, the plant may exhibit brown leaf tips and edges, indicating humidity stress.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Scarlet Begonia is between 65-75°F (18-24°C).
It is not frost-tolerant and should be kept in USDA hardiness zones 10-11. Protect it from extreme heat and cold; temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can cause damage.
Fertilizing
Use a balanced liquid fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Reduce feeding in fall and winter when the plant is dormant. Signs of nutrient deficiency include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and poor flowering.
Pruning
Prune Begonia coccinea in early spring to encourage bushier growth.
Use clean, sharp scissors to remove any dead or damaged leaves and spent flowers. Deadheading spent blooms will promote further flowering. Avoid heavy pruning, as this can stress the plant.
Repotting
Repot every 1-2 years or when the plant becomes root-bound, indicated by roots growing out of the drainage holes.
Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Carefully remove the plant from its pot, loosen the roots, and place it in fresh potting mix. Water thoroughly after repotting.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through stem cuttings or leaf cuttings.
For stem cuttings, take a 4-6 inch cutting below a leaf node and remove the lower leaves. Place the cutting in water or moist potting mix, keeping it warm and humid until roots develop, which typically takes 2-4 weeks. Leaf cuttings can be placed in a similar medium, ensuring the leaf's vein is in contact with the soil.
When it's unhappy
Yellow leaves
Why it happens
This can be caused by over-watering or insufficient light.
How to fix it
Check the soil moisture and adjust watering frequency. Move the plant to a brighter location if it is not receiving enough light.
Root rot
Why it happens
Root rot is often due to poor drainage or over-watering.
How to fix it
Ensure the pot has drainage holes and reduce watering frequency. If root rot is present, remove the plant from the pot, trim away affected roots, and repot in fresh soil.
Brown leaf tips
Why it happens
This is usually a sign of low humidity or underwatering.
How to fix it
Increase humidity around the plant and ensure consistent watering to keep the soil evenly moist.
Leggy growth
Why it happens
Leggy growth occurs when the plant is not receiving enough light.
How to fix it
Move the plant to a brighter location to encourage more compact growth and better flowering.
Pests (e.g., aphids, spider mites)
Why it happens
Pests can infest the plant, especially in dry conditions.
How to fix it
Inspect the plant regularly, and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.
Care through the year
Spring
In spring, increase watering frequency as the plant begins to actively grow. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks to promote blooming.
Summer
During summer, ensure the plant receives bright, indirect light and maintain humidity levels. Water more frequently as the soil dries out faster.
Fall
In fall, gradually reduce watering as the plant enters dormancy. Continue to fertilize until late fall, then stop for the winter.
Winter
In winter, reduce watering to every 10-14 days and keep the plant in a warm location away from drafts. Avoid fertilizing during this dormant period.
Toxicity & Safety
Begonia coccinea is considered mildly toxic to pets, particularly cats and dogs. The leaves and tubers contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if ingested. Keep out of reach of children and pets.
Good to know
Why are my Begonia coccinea leaves turning yellow?
Yellow leaves can indicate over-watering or insufficient light. Check the soil moisture and ensure the plant is receiving adequate light.
How often should I water my Scarlet Begonia?
Water your Scarlet Begonia every 5-7 days, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Adjust frequency based on the season.
What type of soil is best for Begonia coccinea?
A well-draining potting mix with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is ideal. A mix of peat, perlite, and orchid bark works well for this plant.
How do I propagate my Scarlet Begonia?
You can propagate Scarlet Begonia through stem or leaf cuttings. Take cuttings, place them in water or moist soil, and keep them warm until roots develop.
What humidity level does Begonia coccinea prefer?
Scarlet Begonia thrives in humidity levels of 50-70%. Increase humidity with a humidity tray or a humidifier if needed.
When should I repot my Begonia coccinea?
Repot your Scarlet Begonia every 1-2 years or when it becomes root-bound, indicated by roots growing out of the drainage holes.
Is Begonia coccinea toxic to pets?
Yes, Begonia coccinea is mildly toxic to pets, particularly cats and dogs. The leaves and tubers can cause irritation and vomiting if ingested.
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